Irix command

기본적인 IRIX 명령어

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기본적인 IRIX 명령어|작성자 건달 / http://blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=artisanm&logNo=42250446&parentCategoryNo=4&categoryNo=&viewDate=&isShowPopularPosts=false&from=postView

Finding Out About the System:

hinv

hinv hardware inventory (CPU, RAM, internal SCSI, etc)

• hinv –mvv more detail, eg. part & revision number
• hinv l grep <hardware>

dmquery board info; must indicate '0' in output, if '1' is reported, edit the line in /etc/ioconfig.conf

chkconfig

list available services (daemons) and their startup mode

• chkconfig <daemon> on l off to set <daemon>

uname

display current IRIX major version name

• uname -a display hostname, IRIX system release & version, CPU type
• name –R display current IRIX major version & overlay version name

/usr/gfx/gfxinfo -vv graphics configuration

ifconfig

ifconfig is network diagnostics - displays network interface settings & status

• ifconfig -a displays the current configuration of the network interfaces

lmhostid

displays FLEXlm host ID of machine

• lmdiag –c /usr/local/flexlm/licenses/DL_license.dat to get license expiration date

netstat

network diagnostics - displays network interface statistics

• netstat –ai displays the current network configurations and statistics
• netstat –ain display TCP/IP settings for all physical interfaces
• netstat –rn display routing information
• sysinfo -vv display system ID; each SGI machine has unique identifier

versions or showprod

list in detail currently installed software versions

• versions –b (or –bn) simplified list
• versions remove <package> uninstall software packages
• versions l grep Patch display list of patches
• versions l grep vbob
• versions l grep xtdigvid

System Monitoring:

df

df To monitor disk space usage in list all for filesystem

• df –k Reports disk usage in 1024-byte units for each file system currently mounted (available).
• df –h Display results in 'human readable format' (megs, gigs, etc.)

Other usage: to confirm that remote NFS filesystems have been mounted to confirm that a loaded CDROM is mounted

du

du disk usage; used to summarize disk usage in data blocks (512-byte units, or 1024 byte blocks with the –k flag)

• du –sk . to list the size of the current directory \ the –s option causes only the grand total to be given
• du –sk * to list the size of each file and subdirectory contained in the current directory

other

• gr_osview graphical system monitor; monitors CPU usage of certain system resources
• gmemusage graphical memory usage viewer; monitors RAM
• media –a Start mediad in the background. (This is the default when no arguments are specified)
• media –k Get mediad to exit. Upon exit, mediad dismounts all filesystems it has mounted.

osview monitoring system resources

osview –s 1

ps

displays the process status in current shell

• ps –ef l grep <process name> looks for a process name in the process table for an active process – to confirm if a command is executing, or has crashed, etc.
• ps –ef l grep <PID> look for a process's PID
• ps –ef l grep http. look for a process's name
• ps –ef l grep 1162 grep for a process's IUD
  • -e displays every process running on current machine
  • -f displays full listing

pwck password check; lists available UNIX users

top <option> list all processes sorted by CPU usage in real time

w display who is on your machine and what they are doing

CPU Usage:

• gr_osview graphical system monitor; monitors CPU usage of certain system resources
• gmemusage graphical memory usage viewer; monitors RAM
• osview monitoring system resources
• top <option> list all processes sorted by CPU usage in real time
  • /usr/discreet/clip/stonefs:
• more .ref lists the number of connected processes in stonefs
• more .ref.log lists connected/disconnected processes
• nedit .ref
• nedit .ref.log

Partition Info:

• ls –l /usr/discreet/clip/*/*/*.000.clib display the library sizes
• sw_df <partition> to see how many frames each partition is using and how many frames are available /usr/discreet/io/bin
• vstat –v stonefs view all the soft partitions that are setup in the framestore
• vstat -l
• vstat –v <partition> -l to view all soft partitions and their libraries in the framestore

Command Utilities

can be used in the background without affecting the normal operation of smoke (smoke 6 User Guide p.506)

list Provides a hierarchical view of the soft partitions, projects, and clip libraries on the framestore. This utility is for use by support personnel.

• list_framestore <project path> Lists the contents of the specified project or clip library.
• from_framestore Exports a clip stored in a clip library on the framestore of the local machine to a sequence of SGI image files in a file system on a local or remote system.
• to_framestore Imports uncompressed SGI image files from a local or remote file system to the framestore of the local machine.

imcopy Imports, exports, and copies images while performing operations such as cropping, resizing, and format conversion. NFS must be installed and configured in order to access images on remote systems.

• movcopy Exports framestore clips as QuickTime, SGI, or MPEG-1 movies.
• fcof Finds all clips using the specified frame—find-clip-of-frame (fcof).
• vstat Provides statistics on usage of storage.
• vic (Volume integrity check) Corrects media referencing errors on the framestore.
• /usr/discreet/io/bin/vic –v stonefs

Orientating yourself:

pwd (/bin/pwd) prints your working directory (present working directory)

use after changing directories, before you create a file, or use a command

id (/usr/bin/id) determines your ID; identifies current user; prints user group IDs & assoc.names accurately reflects the user and group names associated with files you create uid / gid

• w displays who is on your machine and what they are doing=whoami (/usr/bin/whoami) prints your effective user id

use before you create a file

• who (/bin/who) lists who is on the system, what terminal device they're using, and time they logged in. If a person is logged in, it is possible to communicate with them wall [{textFile}] send a message to all users logged into your machine
  • if no textFile is specified, user can type message into shell
  • end message with CTRL-d (end-of-file)
• hostname (/usr/bsd/hostname) prints the name of your current host, or displays system name use when remotely logging into other workstations tty (/bin/tty) prints the pathname of your terminal
  • use when redirecting command output to a specific device(windowscreen or terminal)

login, rlogin, su:

• login <name> Login as a user
• rlogin <name> Login as a user on a remote system
• su – (eg. su – smoke_5.0) fast way to login as a user with root privileges "-" is required to force the parsing of the user's .cshrc and .login files (to inherit the user's environment)
• exit log off the remote system (if temporarily logged in as superuser, will return to previous account)

Video and Audio:

flapper utility for troubleshooting the video card on Octane 2

/usr/diags/xtdigvid/bringup/bin (not dv_flapper)

flapper or dv_flapper /usr/diags/ml_xtdigvid/bringup/bin

VCP utility for troubleshooting the video card on Octane MXE/ Onyx 2

xtdigvid_confidence utility for troubleshooting the video card on Tezro or 6.5.21

/usr/diags/ml_xtdigvid/bin/

xtdigvid_confidence utility for troubleshooting the video card on Onyx

xthd_confidence utility for troubleshooting the video card on Onyx

sound_disk_util... sound disk utility in the bin folder of the application directory

dmquery to display board info; must indicate '0' in output (search in KDB)

vbob_reset /usr/diags/ml_xtdigivid/bin

mldaemon stop/start /etc/init.d/<daemon> stop / start

Graphics:

CTRL-SHIFT-F12-/ reset graphics card w/ NumLock on (Vulcan death grip)

/usr/gfx/

gfxinfo [-vv] display graphics subsystem information

setmon [options] [format] set the current and default video output format

setmon –x 1920X1200_60 -x option sets default, 60 = refresh rate

xsetmon a GUI program that allows user to set the video output format/ combination, sync sources for graphics display, and gamma correction value.

irsaudit tool for finding gfx problems on Onyx and Onyx 2 (see KDB for procedure)

INSTALLGFX /usr/discreet/util

CTRL+L refresh proxies in Discreet application

SHIFT+S+Insert (proxy) change field dominance in flame

CTRL+S+Insert (Full Res) change field dominance in flame

Configuring Initialization Settings:

% cd /usr/discreet/<application_version>

% nedit init.cfg

dlcfg alias for nedit init.cfg (shortcut)

If you need to copy sample cfg file over current cfg file

- in cfg directory, enter 'ls'

% cd sample % cp init_video.cfg ../init.cfg

The Project Configuration file

/usr/discreet/project/<editing-effects>/<project>/cfg/<project>.cfg · Editing the <project>.cfg file - same principles as for the "init.cfg" file

Restoring Default Settings

/usr/discreet/<application version>

INSTALLIO this script restores the default settings, including chkconfig daemons

User Settings

/usr/discreet/user/<editing>/<username>

Launching/ Exiting eg. flame -vira

smoke –h Display on-screen list of startup options

smoke –d Launch application in debug mode

smoke –Z Skip smoke's volume integrity check on framestore

smoke –r reinitializes desktop (wipes it out and recreates 000.desk file)

smoke –v Initialize framestore volume (all partitions). *All framestore data will be deleted.

smoke –i Initalize framestore partition to which the selected project belongs.

smoke –F force smoke to create links to fonts that you added into the directory

smoke –a Delete all audio files on the audio disk whether or not referenced by the

current framestore volume (this option only applies to Discreet Audio

versions 1, 2 & 3 that use an audiostore.) *confirm direct SCSI link

smoke –V Delete all audio files on the audio disk that are referenced by the current framestore volume.

smoke –I Delete all audio files on the audio disk that are referenced by the current framestore partition.

smoke –S Skip the audio disk integrity check that normally occurs at startup.

fire –c xthd initialize xthd board for HD (default is DIVO)

ALT-F1 bring application to the foreground

ALT-F3 display the IRIX shell in the foreground while still in application

ALT-F9 minimize application to display the IRIX desktop

ALT-F12 exit from application

CTL–L refreshes application screen (after you ALT-T9 and return to app)

Shift+T+Insert reinitialize the pointing device in application (in the case of a crashed wacom)

The "Kill" Command:

kill / killall to manually terminate a crashed or runaway process

killall httpd to kill all instances of a given process

ks alias for killall smoke

kf alias for killall fire

To kill an unresponsive process:

(as root)

% ps –ef l grep <process> - first find the process's PID

% kill -9 <PID> - then kill the process using its PID, eg. 7009

Note: - only the root user can kill processes not owned by it

- the '9' option is the most effective and definitive

ALT+F9

su

ps –ef

killall <copy the entire process>

(eg. /usr/discreet/smoke_5/bin/smoke_IRIX_6.5_io30 )

OR ps –ef l grep smoke

kill -9 <pid> <ppid>

eg. Kill -9 2732 2736 2737

reboot, shutdown:

reboot OR init 6 clean reboot back to level 6 (multi-user mode)

shutdown OR shutdown –g0 shutdown immediately

(shut system down to level 0, sending warning to all users)

halt –p (as 'su') shut down and power off

shutdown –y –g0 –p fast way to shutdown (yes, immediately, power off)

CTRL-SHIFT-F12-/ "Vulcan death grip"; resets the graphics card w/ Num Lock on

Mounting the floppy drive

See if floppy drive appears in hinv. Turning mediad on should automatically mount the floppy drive.

Before accessing the floppy, confirm that it is mounted, using "df –k" Then change directory to /floppy.

Mounting the CDROM:

• for alternate methods, refer to the KDB doc "How to mount a CDROM"

When a CDROM is inserted, mediad attempts to mount it.

CDROMS are mounted on the "/CDROM" directory.

Before accessing a CDROM, confirm that it is mounted, using "df –k"

The eject command unmounts the /CDROM directory & ejects

(eject will fail if the user is still located in /CDROM)

mediad can be disabled using: # chkconfig mediad off OR mediad -k

mediad can be manually launched using: mediad

1) The quickest method: su

mount -o ro /dev/dsk/dks0d6s7 /CDROM

• This manually mounts a CDROM drive that is on SCSI bus 0 & addressed as unit 6, as the directory #CDROM.
• To access the cd, simply cd to /CDROM: cd /CDROM

Tezro – Mounting the CDROM:

Disable the mediad daemon by doing the command chkconfig mediad off Then mount the CD manually: mount -t cdda /dev/dsk/dks2d0vol /CDROM

• you have to change the 2 and 0 by the appropriate address of your CD player

Installing from a CD:

1) mediad (wait 10 seconds)

2) swmgr –f /CDROM/dist

SYSLOG / DEBUG LOG:

more /var/adm/SYSLOG displaying the SYSLOG

cat /var/adm/SYSLOG l grep <searchstring> Grepping for a word in SYSLOG when it gets overcrowded with messages

tail –f /var/adm/SYSLOG Tailing the SYSLOG (displaying the end as it updates)

bin/DEBUG_INFO become superuser first

The Network:

1. chkconfig network off
2. chkconfig –s (to list and check that network is off)
3. reboot

Remember to turn network back on: # chkconfig network on (& reboot)

1. chkconfig nfs off Turn off the NFS

/etc/init.d/ <daemon> start/stop

Startup scripts for most of the system daemons are located in "/etc/init.d"

• restarting a daemon often required after reconfiguring the services
• to start automatically the daemons have to be 'chkconfig <daemon> on'

/etc/init.d/network stop Total network stop

/etc/init.d/network start Restart the network (faster than rebooting system)

etc/init.d/lp stop To stop a daemon & prevent it to restart at next reboot chkconfig lp off

Network Tools:

ifconfig –a Displays the current configuration of the network interfaces eg. Is the network interface "UP"?

netstat –ai Displays current network configurations and statistics

netstat –ain display TCP/IP settings for all physical interfaces

netstat –rn Displays routing information

netstat –ir Network and routing info

ping <destination hostname of IP> Tests a hostname of an IP address

(eg. % ping 192.169.35.40)

• for more details see KDB document: "Hooking up your IRIX box… through a local area network."

Returning to Your Home Directory

~/ Standard UNIX command shortcut to get to home directory of user

cd

• a built-in shell command that means 'change directory'
• you can specify a directory name to change your location in the file system
• if you omit a directory name, 'cd' command automatically returns you to home directory

Viewing Directories and Additional Options

ls list contents of current directory, or specified directory

ls –a lists all entries, including hidden files ( .filename )

ls –c provides multicolumn sorted output

ls –d lists only the name of a directory (not its contents); often used with –l to get the

status of a directory

% ls –ld /usr/people/guest

ls –i prints the inode number in the first column of the report

ls –f identifies file type

ls –F places filetype symbols after filenames ( / = directory, * = executable, @ = s-link)

ls –l provides long format: lists mode, number of links owner, group, byte size & last modification for each file; also used to identify the size of files (listed in bytes)

- directories are listed in multiples of 512

ls –n provides the owner's UID and group's GID numbers rather than the associated

character strings

ls –R recursively lists subdirectories

% ls –lR ../guest

ls –t sorts by time stamp (latest first) instead of by name. Default is last modif. time

ls –alRi recursive, long listing of all files, including i-node numbers

• - wildcard replaces any number of characters and spans extensions

? - wildcard replaces any single character

ls ima* display all files starting with characters 'ima'

ls ric? display files starting with 'ric' followed by a single character

ls image.*.rgb display all files starting with 'image.' and ending with '.rgb'

ls * display all files (will not display hidden files)

ls .* display all hidden files

ls | more list directory contents in file browser

ls -l > listing.txt create a textfile containing listing of current directory

Deleting a File or Directory:

rm {filename} remove file

rm –r {directory} recursive removal of any directories & subdirectories in the argument list

rm –i interactive confirmation of removal of any write-protected files

rmdir {directory} removes specified empty directory

rm –rf does a force removal

rm * removes everything in that file or folder

rm –r * removes everything in that directory – use with discretion

Creating a Single Directory File:

mkdir /bin/mkdir utility creates a directory

'mkdir' automatically puts two entries in every directory you create

• the . entry represents the directory itself
• the .. entry represents the parent directory

mkdir –p creates target directory by creating the non-existing parent directories first

Copying and Renaming Directories:

cp –r makes a duplicate copy of the directory

-r allows subdirectories to be copied also

cp –rv -v verbose causes filename to be displayed as it is copied

cp [-rv] {oldFile} {newFile}

rcp [-rv] {oldFile} {[ruser@]rhost:path/newFile}

• rcp copies files and directories onto a remote host
• may use specified remote user rather than current user on local machine

mv used to move or rename files and directories

used to change the location of the directory in the IRIX hierarchy

ex: % mv dir1 dir2 ( "dir1" is renamed "dir2" )

mv -r {oldFile} {newFile} -r allows subdirectories to be moved also

Linking Files and Directories:

Links are used to save disk space. Symbolic links imply a master/slave relationship:

Ex: % ln fileA fileB

% ln –s fileA fileC

% ls –in file *

fileA is the orig file, fileC is totally dependent on fileA, fileB is independent of fileA

fileA and fileB use one inode, fileC requires a separate inode

File Commands:

file <file> to identify a file type

cat <filename> displays the contents of a file

more <filename> used to display the contents of a file one screenful at a time

type 'H' at the 'more' prompt to receive list of commands which enable you to scroll through the file

type 'Q' at the 'more' prompt to exit the file

pg <filename> similar to 'more' command - each screenful is followed by the colon prompt ( : ) when you type <Return> another page is displayed

type 'H' at the : prompt to receive a list of commands which enable you to scroll

possible to save files being viewed to another file

possible to issue commands while remaining in the file

type 'Q' at the 'more' prompt to exit the file

head –x 'file' displays first x lines of a file

if -x is omitted, the first ten lines are displayed

tail –x 'file' displays the last part of a file

imginfo {imageFile} display information about image file

imgview {imageFile} display image file

sfinfo display information about sound file

Creating a File:

(without using an editor)

>> (double redirection symbol to append an existing file)

touch <file> causes the access and modification times of each argument to be updated

• if 'scratch' doesn't exist, a new file is created with above info
• if 'scratch' already exists, then the file is automatically updated

mkfile <file> creates one or more files, and the file is padded with zeroes by default can specify the size in bytes, kilobytes, or megabytes with b, k, or m options

• bytes is the default size
• a size must be specified

the –v (verbose) flag tells the shell to echo the result

ex: % mkfile –v 10 newstuff (newstuff 10 bytes)

Getting Information About a File:

grep <pattern> <filename> searches a file for a specified pattern & prints all lines that contain that pattern

Ex. % grep root /etc/passwd

-l print the names of files with matching names once, separated by new lines -n precede each line by its line number in the file (first line is 1) -s suppress error messages about nonexistent or unreadable files -i ignore upper/lower case distinction during comparisons

Ex: % grep –lns 'car' *

| pipe output of one command to become the input of another command. ps -ef | grep rick list all processes run by rick

find display location of file

• requires directory name to start its search
• must be told to print name of file once it has been found
• local prevents descent into remotely mounted filesystems

Ex: % find (starting directory)[-local] –name (file name) (print flag) % find /usr/people –name practice –print

find / -name myFile –print - locate myFile starting search from root directory

find . -name myFile –print - locate myFile starting search from current directory

/bin/sort

/usr/bin/uniq removing duplicate lines in a file

/bin/diff compares two files and displays list of the differences

% diff 'file' 'file'

/bin/cp makes a duplicate copy of a file

must specifiy the names of the source file(s) and the destination file

/bin/mv used to rename files without making duplicate copies used to change the location of the file in the IRIX hierarchy

/bin/ls used to list the contents of a named directory (ies)

Displaying File Systems:

df –k reports disk usage in 1024-byte units for each file system currently mounted (available).

• information about size (how much is used / available)
• the mount point - the directory through which a file system is accessed

File Typing:

file <file> determines the file type

ex: % file /usr/people

/usr/people: directory

eg. Sometimes compressed (gzipped) files are renames w/out their '.gz' suffix, so gunzip cannot uncompress them. You can confirm a file's type with the 'file' command

% file myfile (myfile: gzip compressed data) then rename it with the '.gz' suffix

ls –F places symbols after filenames

• a slash ( / ) after the name of a directory
• an asterisk ( * ) after the name of an executable file
• an 'at' sign ( @ ) after the name of each symbolically-linked file
• an equal sign ( = ) after the name of each address family socket file (AF_UNIX)

Change Permission Mode of File or Directory:

• See UNIX Basics for more details

chmod [-R] {mode} {file1 ...} - change permissions mode of a file or directory

chmod [-R] [ugoa][+|-][rwxs] {file1 ...} - -R recursive through subdirectories

chown [-R] {owner}[.{group}] {file1 ...} - change owner of file

• may change owner & group of file at the same time
• -R recursive through subdirectories

chgrp [-R] {group} {file1 ...} - change groupID of file

• -R recursive through subdirectories

Revising Commands:

history display recently-executed commands in a numbered list in order of execution Previous commands can be recalled with:

• !! - redo last command
• !{event number} - redo specified command as numbered in history list
• !{command} - redo last instance of command
  • the entire command name does not need to be typed,
• as long as there are sufficient unique characters entered
• !! [{option}] [{file}] - can follow redo wildcard with new arguments

More Commands / Utilities:

pwck password check; lists available UNIX users

stty –a reports all of the option settings

stty this command sets the options for a terminal

stty options differ between systems

stty <function> <option setting> to customize option setting

which <command name> locate a program file in the user's path environment

Ex. % which ls

whereis <command name> locate a program file and its related man pages in standard locations

man ( usr/bin/man ) on-line reference manual pages to get help for IRIX commands

enter man 'command_name' to access the man pages

nedit .cshrc user file for aliases

eject [[{controllerID}]{scsiID}|{device}] eject a removable media device

if controllerID is not specified, defaults to controller 0

finger {name} display information about accounts with specified name

dirview [{pathname]] invoke windows GUI to display contents of directory, copy/move files

fm [{pathname]] uses Indigo Magic Desktop file manager on SGI machines

Mac-like drag-and-drop interface and functionality

dminfo display information about digital media files

imginfo [-gui] {imageFile} display information about image file

gui displays information and a thumbnail image in a window

imgview {imageFile} display image file

imgcopy (many options) copy and convert image file

imgworks [{imageFile}] image manipulation program (low-fat version of Photoshop)

cdplayer GUI cd player

movieplayer /usr/sbin eg. movieplayer /path/your_movie_name

mediaplayer various media files

sfinfo display information about a sound file

soundeditor limited but useful GUI sound manipulation program

apanel GUI audio panel

jot {textFile} graphical text editor on SGI machines

snapshot screen grabber; saves a copy of the screen image

searchbook graphical finder

clear clears the shell completely

Remote Login (Unix – Unix):

rlogin By default, attempts to log user into remote system using the same (local) username

use '– l' to change default username

exit to log off the remote system

Remote Login (Unix - ? ):

/usr/bsd/telnet allows remote logins between different operating systems

use < Ctrl- ] > and <Return> to toggle modes

telnet <name/IP> Starting telnet with system name or IP address as an argument

telnet> status To produce status of your telnet session

telnet> help To get help from telnet

telnet> close To close session

Remote File Transfer (Unix - ? ):

/usr/bsd/ftp file transfer program (ftp)

used for internet connections allows connections to non-Unix systems

ftp <name or IP> Starting ftp with a system name or IP address as an argument

ftp> help

ftp> ? cd lcd ls mls (To get help on a few commands)

cd change remote working directory

lcd change local working directory

ls list contents of remote directory

mls list contents of multiple remote directories

ftp> quit OR bye close the ftp session

Sample:

ftp ftp1.discreet.com

discreet_user

troppus

ftp> cd PUBLIC

ftp> ls

ftp> cd outgoing

ftp> bin (type set to binary code)

ftp> hash (hash mark printing on 1024 bytes/hash mark)

ftp> ? (for list of commands)

ftp> put dlvio.tar

ftp> ls (to see if transfer is complete)

ftp> bye

To install IRIX versions:

cd /DLlocal/distribution

Installing Software and Common Utilities:

inst At the 'inst' prompt, packages can be added, kept or removed

Inst> list - then use 'keep …' or 'install…'

swmgr The Software Manager

can be launched from the shell, or from Toolchest>>System>>Software Manager

versions -bn To list all installed software on a system

Ex. Grepping for a package name

% versions –bn l grep Adobe

showfiles <package> To show which files belong to an installed product

showfiles –l l grep etc/config/samba To find out which product belongs to a given file

Using "tar":

Syntax: tar -<options> tarfile.tar <sourcedirectory>

"tar" options:

-C (create an archive) - tar –cvf myfile.tar /usr/tmp

-E (extract an archive) - tar –xvf myfile.tar /data

-L (list an archive) - tar –tvf myfile.tar

Note: 'v' option means "verbose"

'f' means a "tar file" instead of a tape device (default)

tar –tvf <file> lists the tar file without extracting it

'tar' restores the archives to the exact paths that were used when at creation time:

tar –cvf file.tar /usr/people - will restore to ' /usr/people'

tar –cvg file.tar usr/people - will restore to the current directory from which the 'tar'

command is issued

Note: If a project backup tar file is extracted in the project directory, it will overwrite current project files - rec'd to copy project backup in another location, extract & copy it over

Date and Time:

/usr/bin/cal AND /usr/bin/date

% cal prints the current month's calendar

% cal 7 1957 prints specific month and year specified

% date prints the date and time

1. date mmddHHMMyyyy.ss setting the system date and time
2. date 011511302002.00 Jan.15, 11:30:00am 2002

Environment Variables:

setenv {VARIABLE} {value} - modify UNIX environment variables

unsetenv {VARIABLE} - use unsetenv to remove environment variable

setenv DL_PAINT_HIGH_RES 1 - enter Paint with Hi Res images (like 2K or 4K)

setenv DL_IGNORE_AUDIO 1 - application can start even if audio if offline (Stream)

• Environment variables are traditionally written in all-caps
• Environment variables can be set in two ways:

Temporarily: using the "setenv" command as the application user

Permanently: by entering the setenv command in the application's ".cshrc" file

Located in /usr/discreet/<app version>/.cshrc

<Enter> key signifies the end of a line of input

<Ctrl> key + 2nd key invisible characters that control some aspect of the input & output on the terminal

Common control characters:

<Ctrl> C to stop or interrupt a utility

<Ctrl> D terminates input

<Ctrl> H usually the erase character

<Ctrl> W erases the last word

<Ctrl> S stops output

<Ctrl> Q starts output

<Ctrl> U usually the line kill character

<Ctrl> Z suspends a utitility

F4 copies highlighted text onto command line